Cartesian Rationalism Vs. Locke s Empiricism Essay

Running Head: INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY Introduction to Philosophy Name Institution INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY Cartesian rationalism vs. Locke’s empiricism Rene Descartes was a rationalist who believed that knowledge of the world can be gained by the exercise of pure reason, while empiricist like Locke believed that knowledge of the world came through senses. Descartes from his meditations deduced from intuitive first principles the existence of self, of God, of the mind as a thinking substance and the extended body as a material substance whereas Locke, asserts that knowledge is acquired through perception, direct sensory of the world, reflections, the mental processes of breaking down complex impressions into simple ones and comparing them, conceptualizing them and recommending them to form new philosophies. The two philosophers namely Descartes and Locke vary greatly on the issue of the source of knowledge. Descartes doesn’t believe in knowledge arising from experience while Locke also doesn’t agree with the issue of the existence of inherent ideas in the mind. Both Descartes and Locke are skeptics about the possibility of certain knowledge. Descartes is a rationalist who believes that there is definitely certain knowledge and human reasoning is the only source of that knowledge while LockeShow MoreRelatedThe Principles Of Empiricism And The Spirit Behind It2295 Words   |  10 PagesCritical Reasoning Essay 3: British Empiricism with particular reference to Locke’s theory of ideas – the basic principles of empiricism and the spirit behind it; Locke’s theory of the origin and types of ideas and the problems it gave rise to. Locke, John, An Essay concerning human understanding, Everyman, 1961: Book 1, of Innate ideas, Book 2, chapter 1, of ideas in gen eral and their original, Berkeley, George, A treatise concerning the principles of human knowledge. Empiricists endorse the idea

Movie Analysis The Game - 989 Words

The game toggles back and forth with scenes that put the player in control of exploring the environment as well as following the games guideline. There lyes a moral misconception in the game where the player is introduced to believe their decisions effect a different outcome to how the storyline will turn out. Once starting each episode, a black screen displays the words, â€Å"This game series adapts to the choices you make. The story is tailored by how you play†. On the contrary to this seemingly straightforward statement, no matter how believable the game makes it seem, the players â€Å"online† experience fades in and out. The player originally feels obligated to be responsible for certain characters traumatic deaths, but in actuality of the game, is not since the outcome is pre-planned regardless of choice. Offline and online continuity (swapping back an forth between â€Å"online† and â€Å"offline†) proves the false justification of â€Å"The Walki ng Dead[s]† claims and puts the player in seemingly relevant irrelevant scenarios. Telltales game exploits the players empathy that causes the player to think they are following an inter(re)activity through irrelevant decision making. An article by Smethurst, Toby, and Stef Craps, â€Å"Playing with Trauma: Interreactivity, Empathy and Complicity in The Walking Dead Video Game.†, suggests the â€Å"games ability to involve the player in the game world through inter(re)activity†(Smethurst and Craps). Smethurst and Craps illuminate on complicity, whereShow MoreRelatedMovie Analysis : The Game 1829 Words   |  8 Pagesrole-playing game takes place on the historical planet of Mars, which is surprisingly teeming with life, similar to Spiders previous game, Mars: War Logs. Technomancer puts you in the shoes of an infamous technomancer, Zachariah, who later becomes a wanted man after being forced to flee his home, the Abundance, one of the many corporations on Mars, later ingame. The game, like many other role-playing games, starts you off with the creation of your character. Though where this game differs fromRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Hunger Games 891 Words   |  4 PagesSummarize the movie from a sociological perspective (approximately 1 page) : In the film of The Hunger Games, there are districts that are stratified, the bottom of the districts are those with the least amount of resources to survive. Those at the top control the resources by hosting an annual game that will test the strength and courage of two youth, â€Å"tributes,† to survive in a human hunting game. One male and one female are chosen at random from each district to participate in the game. There willRead MoreCritical Analysis Of The Movie Hunger Games1291 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay, I will do a critical analysis of the movie â€Å"Hunger Games,† the short story â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† and Taylor Swift’s music video â€Å"Look What Y ou Make Me Do† in terms of the use of symbolism, and the new self. The Hunger Games  follows 16-year-old  Katniss Everdeen, a girl from District 12 who volunteers for the 74th Hunger Games in place of her younger sister  Primrose Everdeen. The games itself is a competition to see who’s the strongest. The story of an Hour is a short story that describesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Hunger Games 2215 Words   |  9 PagesChange in Feminism in the Cinema World The Hunger Games which is directed by Garry Ross is story in land of Panem which has grown out of the cadaverous ruins of what one time was known as North America, 74 years ago. The capitol introduced the hunger games as a reminder to the twelve districts of its authority and punishment for rebellion. Every year a boy and a girl from each district, who are known as Tributes, and they are of aged between 12 and 18. The names are chosen randomly in reaping ceremoniesRead MoreMovie Analysis : Video Games Essay2102 Words   |  9 Pagesuprising--it’s video games. The twenty-first century as we all know is the age of the millennials and technology plays a huge role in everyone s life as it continues to improve as we advance through the years. One major concept that separates storytelling in books and movies from video games is that in video games, you are the character. You are put in the experience and call the shots on the decisions that the character has to make in the game. T he main thing that is so captivating about video games is thatRead MoreThe Hunger Games Movie Analysis1935 Words   |  8 PagesHunger Games directed by Gary Ross, it focuses primarily on the protagonist, Katniss Everdeen, who volunteers to partake the Hunger games tribute that occurs once a year. Every year in each district, each of the two members of each gender is selected to fight the annual Hunger Games. Katniss intends to be the center of attention of this film, which gives the audiences a better insight of the movie, also revealing additional themes that the author is trying to convey. At first sight, this movie mayRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Hunger Games 2249 Words   |  9 Pagesbecause it determines which boy and girl, ages 12 to 18, will serve as the district’s tributes in the Hunger Games. Each of the 12 districts must draw two tributes, and those tributes are sent to an arena where they fight to the death until only one tribute remains alive. The victor’s district is given gifts, mainly food, and the victor returns home. The Capitol of Panem puts on the Games to remind and punish the 12 districts of the Dark Days, which was when the 13th district was destroyed for attemptingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Nina s Games 1652 Words   |  7 Pagesto them based on a true story game. Some are pretty silly and other are serious but most meet in the middle of those two but they are all honest about the topics that they are covering without sugar coating it. One of her most notable game that just went absolutely went viral last year is a ga me called How Do You Do It. Where you play as a young version of Nina and are mashing these dolls together to trying to figure out how sex works. Cibele like most off Nina’s games is on a true story about herselfRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Return Streak And Winning A Playoff Game 967 Words   |  4 Pagesbreaking Manassas’s losing streak and winning a playoff game. In this documentary there was a mental skill that stood out the most, in particular, group dynamics/ cohesion. Throughout the team’s football season coach Courtney helps the boys feel closer with their fellow teammates, thus, resulting in each individual to look out for one another. With that said, in the movie the team worked together to achieve a common goal which was to win a playoff game while also working on individual interpersonal relationshipsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Imitation Game By Alan Turing1334 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is socially appropriate? How or more so who decides what is appropriate? These questions have been asked, debated, and fought over since the dawn of civilization. The rhetor of the movie The Imitation Game integrates these questions into the true story of Alan Turing and the people around him. The rhetor allows these questions of appropriateness to be narrowed down to two very influential people in history to give these large, foundat ional questions a more personal touch, and for the audience

Political Party History Free Essays

Political Party History Before the Democrat and Republican parties began their reign over American politics, political parties were constantly changing. The first parties resembled faction’s more than actual parties. The nation’s politicians were known to crowd together around a particular issue. We will write a custom essay sample on Political Party History or any similar topic only for you Order Now These were usually a reflection of social living in America. A change in political parties meant a change in the way Americans were living their lives. Strong third parties also helped influence the Democrat and Republican parties after they gained control. Though the names of parties change over time, there have always been two groups of people taking opposite sides of a common cause. The political party originated when the debate of ratifying the constitution arose. There was a split in the idea of how this new country should be governed. On one side was the federalist, who were mostly supported by the upper class. The wealthy property owners felt susceptible to the open government that was starting to be formed. They wanted to protect their political power. On the other hand the anti-federalists, made up of the lower classes, felt that a stronger central government would create a great deal of corruption as well as threaten the power of the people. These two factions eventually separated into two parties. The first was pushed by Alexander Hamilton and kept the Federalist name. Hamilton believed in a strong national government having most of the authority. Hamilton wanted a strong industrialized country with close ties to the mother country of England. Thomas Jefferson fronted the second party that was named the Democratic-republicans. Jefferson believed in an unpretentious central government giving most authority to the individual states. Jefferson wanted to keep away from the possible corruption of industry and therefore promoted an agrarian based economy. The Federalist Party quickly came to an end when a split in the party occurred due to the controversial presidency of John Adams. With no opposition the Democratic Republicans gradually faded away. This time period consisting of no parties was known as the Era of Good Feelings. With the new idea of universal white male suffrage, which gave the right to vote to all white men in the United States, there was a permanent shift in power. Prospective politicians could no longer only favor the propertied classes; instead they now had to focus on the middle and lower classes concerns. This profound shift helped invigorate a new party, the Democratic Republicans led by Andrew Jackson. The Democratic Republicans believed that the country should be governed under strict adherence to the Constitution. They were against a national banking system. They were also against federally sponsored internal improvements because they felt it would be unwarranted interference and unconstitutional. The opposing side was the National Republicans and was led by John Adams. This party believed in supporting the national bank and favored all internal improvements. The National Republicans were also advocates of a strong central government. Eventually the National Republicans joined forces with many other disparate groups to form The Whig Party. The Democratic Republican Party shortened its name to the Democratic Party. The Democratic Party still favored a limited national government as well as the ideals of agrarianism. Democrats were farmers who believed in the right to own slaves and favored territorial expansion. As transportation improvements increased commercialization and the new democratic politics drew people out of localism into larger networks, questions about national unity arose. Because the Constitution left the federal structure ambiguous all sectional disagreements automatically became constitutional issues. This brought out the great issue of nationalism vs. sectionalism. The opposing side named themselves the Whig Party. The Whigs drew their strength from the growing industrial class. Most Whigs were entrepreneurs who favored urban growth and free labor. The Whigs party beliefs were that of industrialization, they wanted to expand commercially and were in favor of federally sponsored internal improvements in the form of road and waterways. Ultimately the issues over slavery caused the separation of the Whig Party. The Kansas-Nebraska Act divided the Democratic Party. The Act opened up Kansas and Nebraska to deciding their slave status based on popular sovereignty. This angered both the north and the south. By repealing the Compromise of 1820, the Act convinced Northerners that the South was attempting to ensure slavery’s dominance in the United States. The South saw Northern attempts to influence Kansas into voting against slavery as trying to disturb the balance of power. The backlash of the act caused the Democratic Party to split along sectionalist lines and created the Republican Party. This was the Nations first major party created along sectional lines. The new Republican Parties main goal was to stop the spread of slavery into the new territories. The party also wanted to establish a tariff that would protect the countries growing industry; furthermore they wanted to give poor pioneers the ability to own the land they settled in. The Southern Democrats made it abundantly clear that if a Republican won the Presidency the South would secede from the Union to preserve its rights. Shortly after the Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln won the election of 1860 the South seceded from the union. The South was afraid that a Republican President would eradicate their right to own slaves. The Democrats remained fractionalized during the Civil War. The Northern remnants of the party split into three. First was the War Democrats who supported the civil war. Second, the Peace Democrats who wanted a quick political settlement with the South. Third, the Copperheads who openly opposed the war and even betrayed the Union to help the South. During this time the Republicans formed a temporary alliance with the War Democrats, this new party was known as the Union Party. They chose a Republican Party presidential candidate with a War Democratic Party vice presidential candidate. The Union party, even though it only lasted for the duration of the war, was a unique time in American History. Never have two parties come together to support a common cause rejecting selfish notions of power and working beyond their differences to safe the nation. After the Civil war the Democratic Party rejoined as the main opposition of the Republican Party. While their presidential candidates stand little chance of being elected, strong third parties have promoted concepts and policies that were an important part of social and political lives. The Populist and Socialist parties support for reduced working hours led to the Fair Labor Standards Act. These two parties also supported a progressive tax system that would base a person’s tax liability on their amount of income. This idea led to the ratification of the 16th amendment. The Progressive party, or the Bull Moose party, promoted women’s suffrage and was eventually supported by both Democratic and Republican parties which ratified the19th Amendment giving women the right to vote. The Socialist Party furthermore supported a fund to provide temporary compensation for the unemployed. The idea led to the creation of laws establishing unemployment insurance and the Social Security Act. The American Independent party advocated getting tough on crime. The Republican Party adopted the idea in its platform and the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act was the result. From the Revolution to Reconstruction, political parties unified people sharing the same basic principles into a means for change. There has always been one party in the United States party system that was always a strict interpreter of the Constitution and wanted to limit the growing power of the federal government. The other favored a Constitutional interpretation using the elastic clause as a way of increasing federal power. Throughout the first half of American history parties evolved from mere alliances of convenience of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists to the complex political machines of the Democrats, Whigs, and later the Republicans. Though the names of political parties have changed over time there have always been groups of people united to further their own ideological ends. Bibliography USA Today. The Parties. 999-2000. Pearson Education. Presidential Elections. 1789-2004. 2007. Berg-Anderson, Richard E. A Brief History of American Major Parties. May21, 2001. http://www. thegreenpapers. com/Hx/AmericanMajorParties. html Hockett, Homer Carey. Political and Social Growth of the American People. New York: The Mackmillon Company, 1944. Garner, Richard L. Stebbins, Phillip E. Individualism and Community. The Pennsylvania State University, 1975. Hicks, John D. The American Nation. Univ ersity of California, Berkeley1941. How to cite Political Party History, Papers

Legal factors of Germany and Foreign Direct Investment

Question: Describe about the Legal factors of Germany and Foreign Direct Investment. Answer: Introduction Globalization is very common in the present business world. However, before entering in any country; it is very important that business environment of that country is effectively analyzed. This report is based on the analysis of political, legal, and economic environment of the Germany. In this report, it explains the countrys attractiveness for FDI. It focuses on the major factors of the country that attracts foreign direct investment in the country. The purpose of the report is to critically analyzing the important factors that influence the attractiveness of Germany for the Foreign Direct Investment. Analysis of factors that attracts FDI in Germany Political and economical factors Germany is a well established democracy that has administrative rights and responsiblities shared between the executive, judiciary, and legislature. Development of the political party in the year 2013 aims to stablise the country in the future elections. It also ties with France in the areas of defense and energy. The Federal government of country grants attractive tax subsidies to all foreign investors to acquire the new buildings for a period of minimum 1 year in the service sector industries and get the benefit of tax subsidy of 25% to 27.5% for small and medium enterprise (SME) that employs more than 250 employees in the company (Uchenna, 2016). A competitive tax policy framed by the government helps companies to create more investment opportunities for FDI in the country. These flexible innovative policies framed by the Federal Republic of Germany attract FDI in the country. Due to the strong Federal Republic of Germany and shared administrative powers, the country has a well maintained culture and education. All the important policies such fiscal, monetary and defense policies are formulated by the Federal Republic and implemented. The government of the country made the flexible policies and projects to attract the FDI in the country. Recently the country launched the Investment Guarantee Scheme by the Federal Republic of Germany that aims to attract the foreign investments from the different emerging countries to get the guaranteed return in the areas of Automobile, technology, and infrastructure sector. Various countries participate in the international summit and invested 7.9 billion Euros in the country and get the huge revenues. Below given table indicates the participated countries and their investments in the country (Barringtyon, 2016). Table 1: (Source: Paul, 2012) Indicated the various investments in the different sectors by the foreign countries in Germany As per the above table indicated that the political stability of the country is strong, due to centralizing control of the government that makes the flexible policies to attract the foreign investments. Germany government has also framed the policy for all foreign investors for free access to investment in all sectors and gets 100% ownership of the business in public sectors and national bodies such as mail, telecommunication, and others (Wren and Jones, 2012). Germany is the fifth largest economy in the world and largest in the Europe, accounting for one fifth of the European Unions GDP. It is a very liberal social market economy (Leino and Ali-Yrkk, 2014). Automobile and technology sector majorly contributes to the countrys economy. Due to this technological advancement, many countries are invests in the diverse sectors of the economy. It is top 10 in the world economic forums for global competitiveness index. The main reason for its highly competitive economy lies in the manufacturing sector. It gives ample of benefits to the investors regarding high quality manufacturing at competitive prices in international markets. Another benefit for FDI to invest in this country is that GDP growth rate of the country is increased 2.2% in last quarter which is far better than the developed economies like China and Russia. Moreover, machinery and engineering process are customized and innovative that gives long term benefits to the investors in the l ong run. The country has cheap labor costs and highly skilled workforce with the best quality of work in the areas of technology, manufacturing, and automobiles. On the other side, the main barrier to the economic growth in the country is infrastructure such as bridges, trains tracks, waterways that affect the economic growth.1.5% of the GDP is spent on the maintenance of infrastructure (CIA, 2015). These infrastructure constraints force industries to move somewhere else. Another factor is that the lower interest rates of banks enable to a massive supply of liquidity in the market. Low-interest rates lead to the risks for the banks and financial institutions and it is unattractive for foreign investments due to a decrease in currencys relative value .Below given figure and table indicates the attractiveness of FDI and economic condition of the country in various sectors. Table 2: (Source: Wagner and Disparte, 2016) Table shown the different indicators and GDP rate of the countrys economy As per the above-given table, it indicates the number of factors that contributes to the economy to make it competitive and attractiveness of FDI in the host country. Legal Factors Germany is legally very effectively established at the federal, state, and regional levels, and with the legal system is such that it provides strong investment and freedom for business. Its legal system is a civil law system with indigenous concepts. The German business law is governed by the principle of economies freedom. Various laws such as EU and international law have influenced the legal system of Germany. However, the countries taxation system was exploited by wealthy and multinationals which are harmful to the government of german. It has various challenges for the country such as the licensing system which is a threat to the future investment in the service sector for the country (Moran, 2012). As a result, the legal stability of the country attracts the foreign companies to invest and promote entrepreneurial activity in Germany. Foreign investment of german was mainly focused on developed countries that are the target regions for German exports. The German FDI for the Eur opean neighbor countries is strong. The legal framework for FDI in Germany favors the principle of the freedom of trade and payment transaction. There are certain factors that affect the countrys foreign direct investment such as wage rates as the country has the high wage rate and it attracts the higher tech investment. Moreover, labor skills also affect the FDI as this makes the attractive place for outsourcing and it also helps in doing investment in the country. The tax rate also affects the country as more companies invest in the country which has low corporation tax rate. For example, companies like Apple, Google, and Microsoft invests is sought to invest in the country as Germany has the lower corporation tax rate. A key factor is the transport costs and the levels of infrastructure as the country have low labor cost as it is beneficial that other countries invest for supplying of goods (Azman-Saini, Baharumshah, and Law, 2010). Furthermore, FDI is targeted to selling the goods directly to the country which is i nvolved in attracting the investment. The political stability of the country is also the major factor which attracts the FDI to invest in the country but the countries with an uncertain political situation will be a major problem as no other will be ready for investing in the country. It is related to the trust especially judiciary and the extent of law and order. For the country, Germany EU is seen as the signal for political and economic stability which helps in encouraging the foreign investment. The main reason for the foreign investment is the existence of the commodities and it is the major factor for foreign direct investment. Additionally, the exchange rate will also be helpful for the host country to attract the FDI because it will be cheaper for the multinational companies to purchase the assets (Derado, 2013). Lastly, clustering effects is also the major FDI factor for the country which attracts the other countries to invest. There are again different factors that determi ne foreign direct investment such as free trade areas which is used to invest in the EU single market which is a free trade market. Conclusion: From the above-given study, it is concluded that the Germany is the vibrant location for the FDI and from the analysis of the important factors such as political, legal and economical; it is considered that the tendency of stability exists in these factors that attract FDI in the host country. References: Uchenna, E. (2016). Economics and Political Implications of International Financial Reporting Standards. IGI Global: USA Barringtyon, L. (2016). Comparative Politics: Structures and Choices. Cengage Learning: USA EWI (2016) Foreign Direct Investment. Retrieved from https://www.economicswebinstitute.org/glossary/fdi.htm Paul, J. J. W. (2012). Market-oriented Systemic Transformations in Eastern Europe: Problems, Theoretical Issues, and Policy Options. Springer Science Business Media: Germany Wren, C. and Jones, J. (2012). Foreign Direct Investment and the Regional Economy. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. USA Leino, T., and Ali-Yrkk, J. (2014). How well does foreign direct investment measure real investment by foreign-owned companies?Firm-level analysis.Firm-Level Analysis (May 15, 2014). Bank of Finland Research Discussion Paper, (12). Central intelligence Agency (2015). The world Factbook. USA: Government printing office Wagner, D. and Disparte, D. (2016). Global Risk Agility and Decision Making: Organizational Resilience in the Era of Man-Made Risk. Springer: USA Azman-Saini, W.N.W., Baharumshah, A.Z. and Law, S.H. (2010). Foreign direct investment, economic freedom and economic growth: International evidence. Economic Modelling, 27(5), 1079-1089. Derado, D. (2013). Determinants of FDI in transition countries and estimation of the potential level of Croatian FDI. Financial Theory and Practice, 37(3), 227-258. Foster, N.G. and Sule, S. (2010). German legal system and laws. USA: Oxford University Press. Moran, (2012).Foreign Direct Investment. USA: John Wiley Sons, Ltd.